مرصد الذكاء الاصطناعي

Deep neural networks for image processing are increasingly deployed on resource-constrained edge devices such as drones, medical systems, and smartphones, where limited computational resources and memory bandwidth pose significant challenges for efficient inference. Pruning during training often produces highly sparse convolutional kernels, offering the potential to significantly reduce computation and memory…

Managing children on ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) requires balancing short-term physiological stability with the long-term goal of preventing neurological injury. Standard reinforcement learning can propose risky, out-of-distribution actions, while imitation learning is limited to reproducing clinician behavior. We introduce Support-Constrained Fitted Q-Iteration (FQI-SC), an offline reinforcement…

Smaller language models (SLMs) make it feasible to deploy clinical natural language processing where large proprietary models are too costly, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning allows them to be specialised on commodity hardware. One obstacle persists after training: on medical tasks these models answer at far greater length than the clinical question requires. In clinical decision support and point-of-care use…

Online conformal risk control (OCRC) enables reliable uncertainty quantification in machine learning by converting model outputs into prediction sets with long-term risk guarantees. These guarantees, however, hinge on the assumption that the loss of each round is revealed immediately and losslessly. In practice, feedback may be delayed, and limited resources may prevent tracking all pending predictions, causing some…

Structured Electronic Health Records (EHR) models typically treat each clinical concept as a dataset-specific token, discarding the natural-language semantics associated with the event. As a result, relationships between concepts must largely be learned from EHR co-occurrence, without directly exploiting any prior semantic knowledge. We investigate how pretrained causal language models can be adapted for…

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models are pretrained on thousands of hours of recordings, yet their frozen features transfer poorly to downstream tasks, and this transfer does not consistently improve with larger models or more pretraining data. We show that a vision foundation model that has never seen EEG is a stronger frozen EEG encoder than these specialized models, once the signals are rendered as…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly tested on medical exam questions, but accuracy alone does not show when an answer can be trusted. I study the calibration and uncertainty of two open-weight models, Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct and Jais-adapted-7B-chat (both run in 4-bit precision), on 2,816 English multiple-choice questions from MedMCQA and 4,927 Arabic multiple-choice questions from MedAraBench. Accuracy was…

Detecting diabetes risk early is important for preventing disease progression. Most existing machine learning approaches focus on binary classification, which limits their ability to capture intermediate risk states such as prediabetes. We develop a supervised learning framework to classify adults as normal, prediabetic, or diabetic using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The framework uses…

This paper proposes the Data-to-Wisdom Epistemic Architecture for AI (EAAI), a conceptual framework treating Data, Information, Knowledge, Understanding and Wisdom as five distinct but recursively interacting epistemic functions: observation, contextual interpretation, modeling and prediction, critical evaluation and informed judgment. Two observations motivate it: sequential readings of the Knowledge Pyramid…

Medical image classification in resource-constrained settings must contend with limited annotations and computational capacity. We evaluate four ZACH-ViT variants with linear, Euclidean prototype, Poincare and spherical heads alongside two compact multiple-instance-learning baselines. All models are trained from scratch with fewer than 260,000 parameters across seven MedMNIST+ datasets and three external benchmarks…

The reduced availability of medical datasets represents an important challenge in the development of predictive models for remote healthcare solutions, especially when the available data are imbalanced or difficult to extend through traditional methods. Small Language Models (SLMs) have become a promising alternative to Large Language Models (LLMs) for addressing these limitations due to their lower computational…

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLM) enhance X-ray report generation, but often neglect clinical context, overlook workflow integration, and lack explainability, which hinders clinical adoption due to interpretability and reliability concerns. This paper addresses the dual challenges of performance and expert explainability in automated X-ray report generation for clinical AI applications. Our…